what is selenium deficiency in cattle AXIA

retained placenta. This led to the suspicion that selenium may be involved as a cofactor in enzyme systems related to cellular . Selenium is thought of as a trace or micro mineral in beef cattle diets. Feeds high in the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, copper, vitamin A or mycotoxins can either destroy vitamin E or make it less bioavailable. It is required for growth and to aid resistance to diseases, being involved in the production of antibodies and in the killing of micro-organisms engulfed by macrophages. Previous reports showed a deficiency of Se in both forages and grains grown in eastern Canada ( 2 ). Selenium Deficiency in Adult Dairy Cattle Selenium is an essential element for animals, but not plants. Drenching, injections (via subcutaneous injection) and pour-on methods of selenium supplementation are available. Each mL contains: 10.95 mg sodium selenite (equivalent to 5 mg selenium), 50 mg (68 USP units) vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopheryl acetate), 250 mg polysorbate 80, 2% benzyl alcohol . Selenium deficiency is also associated with male infertility and might play a role in Kashin-Beck disease, a type of osteoarthritis that occurs in certain low-selenium areas of China, Tibet, and Siberia [ 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 22 ]. Injections containing barium selenate as their main active ingredient have been found to provide cattle with up to 12 months' effective selenium levels in blood. Low Selenium comes from deficiency of Se in the soil. This publication highlights the role of selenium in animal nutrition; selenium concentration and distribution in soils and feedstuffs (grains and forages) produced in various parts of the United States and in Georgia; disorders resulting from Selenium deficiency or toxicity; various methods of selenium supplementation; and recommendations for selenium management in Georgia. It is caused by feeding on plants and grain that have protein-bound, insoluble selenium. Selenium deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in beef cattle in California 1. Judson et al., (1980) demonstrated that 10% selenium pellets (30g gross weight) were effective in raising blood selenium levels in cattle grazing pasture for up to 18 months. It's. Examples include chronic mastitis, chronic pneumonia, retained placenta, infertility and miscarriages. Selenium (Se) is now recognised as an essential trace element for ruminants. In some cases, mineral deficiency in cows causes them to consume too little feed to meet their metabolic needs. It is required for growth and to aid resistance to diseases, being involved in the production of antibodies and in the killing of micro-organisms engulfed by macrophages. In sows and weanling pigs, as an aid in the prevention and . Zinc deficiency may show in reduced . Copperplan 20 are oral capsules for adult cattle over 200kg bodyweight. Selenium also helps the immune system and can help if high somatic cell counts are a problem. premature, weak calves, perinatal death and abortions. Selenium is an essential element in the diet of animals and has a variety of roles: As an anti-oxidant in conjunction with vitamin E to prevent and repair cell damage. A 10% selenium pellet was later developed for cattle (Judson et al., 1980). Authors. The dietary requirement of cattle is 0.05 to 0.1 mg Se/kg. Se Analysis and Interpretation Analytical results from 204 sera collected from In immune function. Miller, Marc . Symptoms include muscle stiffness and tremors, extreme weakness, and loss of consciousness. It contains selenium (50mg/mL) as barium selenate which is a slower release form of selenium. Selenium (Se) is a trace element which is nutritionally essential for chickens. The classic clinical deficiency of Se and Vitamin E is white muscle disease which is myodegeneration of the heart muscle. The most active muscle in a young calf's body is actually its tongue. Vitamin E/Selenium Deficiency. It can cause diarrhea, reduced weight gain/loss of weight and can cause vaccines to be less effective 2. Selenium pour-on convenient and will protect for three months. They found that selenium supplementation reversed a condition called white muscle disease that occurred in sheep and cattle raised on selenium deficient soils. Selenium Deficiency in Sheep and Cattle. It is required in cattle for normal growth and fertility and for helping to prevent other health disorders such as mastitis and calf scours. The nutritional requirements of Se in cattle are estimated at 100 g/kg DM (dry matter) for beef cattle and at 300 g/kg DM for dairy cows. 1983. For the beef cattle 100g/kg DM (dry matter) and at 300g/kg DM for dairy cows is the estimated daily nutritional requirements of selenium. Selenium deficiency is classically seen in newborn calves with white muscle disease; however, it is more often seen as retained placentas without a problem calving (i.e., no twins, not early, not a hard calving). Selenium deficiency is also a problem of animals in other countries. The study also reported the presence of Se deficiency variation among cattle type that 40% of cows, 80% of calves, 100% of heifers and 90% of bulls were affected [23]. selenium deficiency produced recognizable abnormalities in lab animals. Selenium Deficiency. Selenium deficiency limits ruminant production and methods of selenium supplementation are needed. Selenium deficiency could exacerbate iodine deficiency, potentially increasing the risk of cretinism in infants [ 2, 5 ]. In cattle, economically signicant impacts such as reduced fertility, placental retentions, and the incidence of mastitis and metritis have been noted in selenium deficiency. Selenium (Se) was discovered in 1818 but its role in animal nutrition wasn't understood until the 1950's when Se was identified as an essential nutrient. . Selenium Deficiency in Cattle Selenium Deficiency in Cattle. Nutritionists recommend 0.2 percent of sulfur or sulfate in the diet of cattle, and ensuring your forage has enough sulfur is the easiest and most cost-effective way to manage sulfur requirements for the ration. In places with severe selenium deficiency, the following clinical signs may also occur: in young cattle: ill . It treats and prevents selenium deficiency in cattle for up to 12 months and sheep for up to 18 months. Each 20g capsule contains 16g of elemental copper as copper oxide needles. Absorbing insufficient zinc, for instance, can cause cattle to go off their feed. Clinical signs of selenium deficiency in WA include: suboptimal milk production. This disease can develop in any muscle in the body. Supplementation of the salt/mineral mix is a more convenient method of selenium supplementation for cattle on pasture than repeat selenium injections. A laying hen requires 0.06 ppm of selenium in their daily diet to maintain egg production. Between 10% to 40% of animals die of this condition ( Andrews A. H., 1992 ). Cause Many pastures are short in natual selenium levels. Cattle need Vitamin D is for mineral absorption, bone growth, and immune response. Copper deficiency and selenium deficiency are the two major problems in Washington State. However . The answer is yes. Manifestations in children include hypopigmentation of the skin and hair (pseudoalbinism). Effects of supplementing selenium to a beef cattle cow-calf herd on tissue selenium concentration. The most commonly recognised clinical syndrome of selenium/vitamin E deficiency in cattle and sheep is a nutritional myopathy. Selenium is a trace mineral found naturally in the soil. The signs depend on the muscles affected. A third submission (Orleans County) requested screening of 4 adult beef cows for whole blood selenium. Deficiency of cobalt, copper, iron, iodine, manganese, selenium, or zinc can cause a reduction in production. Other selenium deficiency symptoms in cattle include poor milk . Selenium deficiency signs in cattle include white muscle disease and stiffness. myodegeneration and myocardial lesions. Selenium Deficiency Selenium (Se) deficiency occurs in cattle that don't receive enough selenium in their diet. Reduced production occurs most commonly when a deficiency corresponds to the phases of growth, reproduction, or lactation. We have found no evidence of cobalt or zinc deficiencies in this region in our field studies. A liver biopsy is the best way to determine Se status of . Cause This disease can affect all livestock, but it is detected mostly in cattle and horses. Potassium is mainly excreted in the urine of cattle, and potassium secretion in milk is relatively high. Our selenium bolus can be used for cows over 250 kg. retained foetal membranes (RFM) mastitis. Clinical signs are: stiffness and lameness, diarrhea and unthriftiness, pulmonary distress and/or cardiac arrest. Deficiencies in minerals such as cobalt, selenium, copper and zinc can cause these difficulties. Cause Many pastures are short in natual selenium levels. Known as white muscle disease, selenium deficiency mainly attacks . Other selenium-responsive diseases such as "ill thrift" in cattle and reproductive disorders including infertility in ewes and retained placentae in cattle have been widely reported and are described by Levander (1986). It is weak and reluctant to move. Selenium plays a critical role in semen quality, hatchability, egg production, and maternal programming. Selenium (Se) deficiency in California livestock species is widespread and is estimated to exist in excess of 60% of herds in the state (Dunbar et al. Leukonychia and Terry-like nails have been reported. The capsule is administered by a balling gun and dissolves in the rumen releasing the copper needles which slowly release copper. Selovin LA is a long acting selenium injection for cattle and sheep. Cattle may have difficulty breathing as a result of damage to the muscles supporting the heart, as well as problems standing and general stiffness. prostaglandin metabolism. The purpose of the study is to learn which methods of selenium supplementation are best and what is the tolerance of selenium for ruminants. In cattle, sheep, and goats, selenium deficiency also can cause abortion, stillbirth, or death shortly after birth. That doesn't go away during the summer months. It is not a common issue in most cattle, as selenium is usually present in the soil. The congenital form of selenium/vitamin E deficiency is seen either as stillbirth, or the birth of a weak calf that is unable to suck unaided and usually dies within a few days of starvation/secondary bacterial infection. Young, rapidly growing foals born to dams fed a diet low in selenium and vitamin E are . Our selenium bolus Seletop is a slow-release selenium supplement for cattle that ensures that a cow's selenium requirements are met. suboptimal fertility in adult cattle. The antioxidant properties of Se-inclusive enzyme systems helps prevent cellular damage from free radicals. Table 1 summarizes some of the effects of Se deficiency and the benefits of Se supplementation in livestock diets. Selenium is a micronutrient, and a certain amount is required in the diet. In adult cattle it is associated with muscle disease, retained pla centas, and infertility. The calf may stand and move stiffly. A selenium deficiency is often linked to other diseases such as mastitis embryo death and retained fetal membranes. For ruminants, the maximum tolerable limit for selenium in forage is 5 mcg/g; for dogs, cats, and fish, it is 2 mcg/g; and for swine, the limit falls in between. It appears in certain foods and there are even small amounts in water. Selenium (Se) is a "micromineral" required in very small quantities in the diet of beef cattle. In this report, we review some of the studies relat ing to selenium assays, the effect of Se deficiency in cattle, and the use of data collected by our laboratory from dairy cows in the midwest to interpret serum values. Selenised lick blocks and loose licks 3. Lack of selenium in cows is mostly widely recognised as stillbirths, White Muscle Disease, ill-thrift, mastitis, retained placenta and infertility. A deficiency in selenium is more likely to occur in calves living in regions with low Se content in the soil. Potassium deficiency is indicated by reduced feed intake, depraved appetite, lowered weight gains, rough hair coat, and muscle weakness. Cows may not expel the placenta in a timely manner if they are deficient in selenium. Pages_from_SF601_V65_v_45_n_02_3.pdf (146.5 KB) Date. Selenium deficiency in cattle can be a serious condition, but producers who try to fix the problem can cause bigger problems. The dietary requirement of cattle is 0.05 to 0.1 mg Se/kg. The clinical condition that results from a deficiency of selenium and vitamin E (which work together synergistically) is sometimes called "white muscle disease" or nutritional myodegeneration. Selenium deficiency refers to not having enough selenium in your system. They may also abort or not become pregnant at all. Selenium deficiency causes nutritional myopathy (white muscle dis ease) in young calves and yearlings. A deficiency can cause white muscle disease (WMD) in lambs and weaners, scouring, ill thrift and lowered wool production in weaners . One of the most important of these is an enzyme known as glutathione peroxidase. The increase in fertility when adding selenium is attributed to the reduction of the embryonic death during the first month of gestation. What is selenium deficiency? It is also implicated in a sudden death syndrome in calves less than three months old from acute myocardial degeneration. Exposure to the neonicotinoid . Grains from soils deficient in selenium, or selenium antagonists in mixed feeds, can result in feeds low in selenium. Beef cattle only require 0.10 parts per million (ppm) of Se in the total diet (not the mineral supplement). It is required for growth and to aid resistance to diseases, being involved in the production of antibodies and in the killing of micro-organisms engulfed by macrophages. Selenium in Counties of the Conterminous States. The copper is stored in the liver and available when required. In addition to mild parasitism diagnosed in both, and Johne's disease confirmed by fecal PCR in the cow, both were deficient in whole blood selenium, with the calf's selenium level being below the limit of detection of the assay. For humans, selenium is a vital mineral to increase immunity, protect cells from free radical damage and inflammation, and support a healthy metabolism and fertility. Diagnosis In growth and fertility. Low selenium causes the muscular degeneration known as white muscle disease which can be severe and fatal to newborn foals Selenium is a micronutrient that is an essential component of many enzymes that have a wide range of functions, particularly as an anti-oxidant protecting against cell damage. Because of U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations, the concentration of supplemental selenium in diets cannot be increased above 0.3 ppm, even when sulfur can interfere with selenium absorption. Features/Benefits Release of selenium over 12 months Daily weight gains of 11% to 136% when treated cattle were compared to selenium deficient animals Body stores of potassium are low, so potassium deficiency can begin quickly. Signs of a deficiency may include stiff joints, irritability, convulsions, decreased appetite, digestive issues, labored breathing, and weakness. Cows fed diets (including sulfur from water) with 0.40% sulfur also have lower absorption of selenium than cows fed diets with 0.20% sulfur. This makes it more convenient because fewer treatments are required and also safer. Whenever the source of grain being fed in a diet is uncertain, it appears wise to consider . In cattle, selenium deficiency can have economically significant impacts such as reduced fertility, placental retentions, and the incidence of mastitis and metritis [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]. However, if given in too large a dose or more than one supplement containing selenium is given at the same time, it can be toxic. As many selenium compounds are quite volatile, it is necessary to have a good air control system and to use a gas mask when handling and mixing concentrated selenium premixes. Selenium deficiency occurs in patients receiving parenteral nutrition, in areas where soil selenium content is poor, in cirrhosis patients with ineffective metabolism of selenomethionine, and in low-birth-weight infants. The FDA requires animal feeds and foods to contain a maximum selenium concentration of 0.3 mcg/g. Selenium deficiency is a major problem in many areas despite the relatively small (.1 to .3 ppm) amount of this trace mineral required by cattle. DESCRIPTION MU-SE (selenium, vitamin E) is an emulsion of selenium-tocopherol for the prevention and treatment of Selenium-Tocopherol Deficiency (STD) syndrome in weanling calves and breeding beef cattle. J . Instead of muscle degeneration, weakness and death, Selenium-deficient adults tend to have chronic infections and reproductive problems. . White muscle disease (WMD) is a presentation of vitamin E and/or selenium deficiency that is much more common in lambs, calves and chickens rather than swine. A deficiency of sulfur in the soil can lead to deficiencies in the cow. 1988; Williams 1980).Se is an essential nutrient for all animals, including cattle ().The importance of correcting Se deficiencies is well documented. The delayed form of selenium/vitamin E deficiency is usually seen in calves between one and four months-old. General symptoms include: lack of vitality, anemia, emaciation, stiffness of joints, lameness, rough coat, loss of long hair, and hoof sloughing and deformities. In young animals, selenium deficiency may be a cause of muscular dystrophy and ill-thrift. Oral selenium drench (sodium selenite/sodium selenate) at 0.1mg Se/kg body weight for immediate treatment of animals giving 6-8 weeks protection. This can cause several health problems. . Selenium Deficiency in Calves Subacute muscular dystrophy, also known as white muscle disease, is the most commonly seen form of selenium deficiency in calves. Selenium deficiency symptoms in cattle include the onset of nutritional muscular dystrophy, also known as white muscle disease. Both selenium and vitamin E are important components of the animal's antioxidant defence mechanisms. The dietary requirement of cattle is 0.05 to 0.1 mg Se/kg. In the case of a pregnant jennet her fetus gets all the selenium it needs from what is in her system as it develops and if that is depleted the jennet will often abort, especially in the last 3-4 months of gestation when the growth rate of the fetus is most demanding. A lack of selenium can cause poor reproductive performance and an extended calving period in cows. In Quebec, beef calves weaned on pasture are generally Se-deficient ( 3 ). The deficiency of selenium is associated with abortions [109, 110] and stillbirth [111]. Insufficient Feed Intake. BO-SE (selenium, vitamin E) is recommended for the prevention and treatment of white muscle disease (Selenium-Tocopherol Deficiency) syndrome in calves, lambs, and ewes. Selenium deficiencies are known to cause immune problems in equines and are suspected to interfere with thyroid function. Top-dress pasture (depends on cost/benefit), usually too expensive, except in . Selenium pellets or injection for longer-term protection. Selenium deficiency, which often occurs in association with vitamin E deficiency, is a relatively common trace mineral deficiency in Ireland. In areas where soil is poor in selenium (Se), deficiencies of this trace element in pasture- and forage-fed cattle is widespread ( 1 ). Selenium is an important mineral. Selenium deficiency in cattle may be associated with: White muscle disease in calves "Ill thrift" in young cattle Poor growth rate in weaners and yearlings Infertility in heifers and cows. Download File. If the dead animal has an underbite (very common on cattle) or an overbite (which are quite rare on cattle), you will know that the mother was exposed to something that caused disrupted fetal development. Selenium is critical for muscle development. In broiler breeders, a recommended daily diet of . Selenium is an essential element for animals, but not plants. This degenerative disease affects skeletal and cardiac muscle. membrane damage. Studies have indicated that selenium deficiency can affect the ability of neutrophils to kill microorganisms (Boyne and Arthur, 1981) as well as antibody production following a disease However, as all good managers know, there are a lot of "unseen" problems in a nutritional deficiency before cattle exhibit clinical signs - such as decreased immunity, growth and fertility. Several disease syndromes in cattle have been shown to be selenuim-responsive. For example, in Poland, Se deficiency was found in 50% of cattle. The rations high in fermentable carbohydrates, nitrates, sulfates, calcium or hydrogen cyanide negatively influence the organism's use of the selenium contained in the diet. Both vitamin E and selenium work as . Selenium deficiency causes white muscle disease. Because of environmental, nutrient, disease, genetic, and drug inte However, if the diet of a beef cow is deficient in selenium, symptoms such as nutritional muscular dystrophy in calves (white muscle disease), infertility, abortions, stillbirths or retained placenta can occur. Selenium deficiency manifests itself much differently in adult animals. Se . Our knowledge of selenium deficiency as a cause of animal disease has increased since 1973, when the role of selenium (Se) in glutathione peroxidase was discovered. cells, rather than cattle. The possible reason for abortion is the insufficient progesterone concentration to maintain the. (Hold the mouse over a county to view the concentration of the element; click on a county to retrieve all geochemical data within the county.) Excessive mobilization of calcium from the skeletal system of the lactating cow can lead to milk fever, also known as parturient paresis or hypocalcemia. Selenium is a trace element (mineral) which is incorporated into proteins to make selenoproteins, which are important antioxidant enzymes. Vitamin E This vitamin serves as an antioxidant in the cow's body and helps in membrane and muscle formation. In youngstock, selenium is most commonly associated with white muscle disease, but in adult cattle, selenium deficiency has been linked with a wide range of problems. Selenium is an essential element for animals, but not plants. 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